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ISSN 2229-5356
Impact Factor 2012 = 0.47

Indian Journal of Health & Wellbeing

Volume - 4 (2013), Issue - 3

Editor - Sunil Saini

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Family environment as a predictor of adjustment in adolescents
Page 437-443
Anita Sharma, Karuna and Jyoti Sharma Department of Psychology, HPU, Shimla and Krishnal Pal Department of Education, HPU, Shimla

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The study aimed to investigate the relationship between family environment and adjustment (home, health, social, emotional) in adolescents. The adolescents (100 males and 100 females) were assessed by using the Moos and Moos Family Environment Scale and Bells Adjustment Inventory. Family environment appeared to influence the adjustment of the adolescents. Data was analyzed in terms of Correlation, Regression Analysis and t-test. Regression Analysis revealed that family environment has explained 80% of variance in gender (Males 32% Females 48%) and 92% of variance in schools (government schools 18% and private schools 74%). t test reveals that gender wise females have shown better adjustment than males and school wise private school students have shown better adjustment than government school students. Thus, it can be concluded that family environment plays a vital role in the adjustment of the adolescents.
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Efficacy of Sudarshan Kriya yoga in enhancing comprehensive well-being
Page 444-447
Anjali Malik, Arunima Gupta and Sarvdeep Kohli Department of Psychology, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana

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Yogic breathing is a unique method for balancing the ANS and influencing psychological and stress related disorders. Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) is a form of yoga practice that emphasizes rhythmic breathing exercises. The present study was undertaken with an aim to study the effect of SKY on stress levels as well as mental health of participants. The pre and post study involved a sample of 14 (7 males, 7 females) with age range from 23 to 60 years. Perceived Stress Scale, Self Esteem Scale and Mental Health Index which measures anxiety, depression, loss of behavioral/ environmental control, general positive affect, life satisfaction, psychological distress, psychological well being as well as a global mental health were administered. Results indicate that there is a significant decrease in anxiety and depression levels, increase in GPA, and increase in level of psychological well being, more life satisfaction and improved MHI score post intervention. Although no improvement was observed in the feelings of psychological distress, there was a highly significant rise in levels of psychological well-being. However, no improvements in the levels of self esteem or emotional ties have been observed. Implications of introduction of such programs in meeting the challenges of day to day life as well as for addressing specific problems have been discussed.
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Perceived stress, anger and coping in emotional eaters versus normal eaters among adolescents: A comparative study
Page 448-452
Baldeep Kaur and Sangeeta Trama Department of Psychology, Punjabi University, Patiala and Saurabh Yakhmi Department of Psychiatry, Govt. Medical College, Patiala

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Eating problems are usually formed during childhood and teenage years when one learns that food and eating brings comfort to us when one is upset. As a result, instead of learning healthy ways to resolve and deal with feelings, many people learn to turn to food for emotional comfort to help reduce negative feelings. The present investigation is aimed to perceived stress, anger and coping between emotional eaters and normal eaters among adolescents. The sample of the present study comprised 376 adolescent participants (196 males and 180 females) from various government and private schools and colleges of Patiala District. Incidental sampling was done. The selected age range was 17 to 20 years. The two extreme groups on emotional eating were formed by taking transformed raw scores of emotional eating and taking the cutoff point of mean + ½ σ. There were 100 adolescent emotional eaters and 100 normal eaters. t-test (for independent samples) was applied to draw comparisons between emotional eaters and non-emotional eaters and gender differences in emotional eaters on diverse measures, such as anger, ways of coping and perceived stress. The results of present investigation revealed that adolescent emotional eaters were high on perceived stress in comparison to normal eaters. Moreover, emotional eaters had ineffective ways of coping to deal with the situation, while normal eaters showed more self-controlling and accepting responsibility, aspects of coping. Emotional eaters showed more trait anger than normal eaters, while the latter expressed anger more in comparison to the former. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is significant difference between normal eaters and emotional eaters in adolescents.
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Self-efficacy as a predictor of academic stress in senior secondary students
Page 453-458
Kirti Madnani and Madhurima Pradhan Department of Psychology, Lucknow University, Lucknow

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This study examined self efficacy as a predictor of academic stress among senior secondary students. The sample comprised of one hundred twelfth class students of different private schools of Lucknow district. All the students were from CBSE and ISC board with science (Physics, Chemistry & Math) stream. Self efficacy was assessed by Bandura's Multidimensional Scale of perceived self efficacy having 57 items in nine dimensions (i.e. Enlisting social resources self efficacy, Academic achievement self efficacy, Self regulated learning, Leisure time skill and extracurricular activities, Self regulatory efficacy to resist peer pressure, Meet others expectations, Social self efficacy, Self assertive efficacy, Enlisting parental and community support). Academic Stress scale was developed by the researchers having 46 items. Results revealed a significant negative correlation between self efficacy and academic stress. Regarding the correlation of academic stress with different dimensions of self efficacy, all the dimensions were found to have significant negative correlation with academic stress except leisure time skill and extracurricular activities, self regulatory efficacy to resist peer pressure and academic achievement self efficacy. The results of stepwise regression revealed that self regulated learning, meet other's expectations, leisure time skill & extracurricular activities and enlisting parental & community support predicted 25% variance in academic stress. These findings imply that promoting these variables in senior secondary students might help them experience lesser academic stress .
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Introversion and well-being associated with facebook usage
Page 459-462
Arti Bakhshi and Remia Mahajan Post Graduate Department of Psychology, University of Jammu, Jammu

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With the advent of new forms of communications comes both positive & negative feedbacks. Social Networking Sites such as Facebook too influence person's psychological characteristics such as personality & well-being. This study investigated the relationship among introversion, well-being & Facebook usage along with the effect of age and gender. The sample comprised of student population (N=55) of ages between 16-24 years & had been on Facebook for six months and above. The Facebook users were required to complete a questionnaire package comprising of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Affect Balance Scale (ABS), and the Introversion Scale. Facebook users also completed a Facebook usage questionnaire. Results revealed that personality factors (introversion-extroversion) were not as influential as previous literature would suggest but the well-being was found to be positively related to Facebook usage. The results also indicated that “connecting with friends” is the most influential motive in terms of Facebook use. There were also significant differences in Facebook use in relation with age & gender. It can be concluded from the study that person's well-being is related to Facebook usage and age and gender also influence Facebook usage.
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The effectiveness of software intervention in improving the cognitive variables, viz., attention, memory, reasoning and language
Page 463-467
Syed Fathima Department of Psychology, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore

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The digital children live today with an ever-changing influx of new computer-based technologies. Advances in computer technology can help students over-come their reading abilities. This study was conducted to a, develop a software; b, find out the effectiveness of software intervention in improving the cognitive variables, viz., attention, memory, reasoning and language skills. The design of this study was two-group randomized design using Talland Letter Cancellation Test and Binet-Kamat Test. Study participants were two hundred learning disability children from four special schools in Chennai, India. The researcher had developed software based on information processing approach and Human-Environment/Technology Interaction Application. The reliability of the software was found to be 1. Attention 0.816; 2. Memory 0.816; 3. Reasoning 0.883 and 4. Language 0.851. Once the reliability was found, the students were enrolled in computer-assisted cognitive skills training group and a study hall control group for three months intervention. Before and after software intervention, students had their cognitive skills, as well as language skills, evaluated with a battery of tests: Talland Letter Cancellation Test and Binet-Kamat Test. A significant increase in cognitive skills (p<.01) was found only in experimental group. This is an indication of the possible benefits of a computerized cognitive skills training program focused on training attention, memory, reasoning and language skills. Replication of this study could hold far-reaching implications for future educational curricula.
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Personality, subjective well-being and interpersonal attraction in adolescents
Page 468-474
Anita Sharma and Jyotsana Gautam Department of Psychology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla

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The study aimed at exploring the role of personality and subjective well-being in interpersonal attraction (social attraction, physical attraction, task attraction) in adolescents. The adolescents (100 males and 100 females) were assessed by using 16 PF, The Subjective Well-Being Inventory and Interpersonal attraction Scale. Data was analyzed in terms of Correlation, Regression Analysis and t-test. Regression Analysis revealed that personality has explained 10% of variance in interpersonal attraction in females only and subjective well-being has shown 14% of variance in interpersonal attraction by gender ( in Males 9% & in Females 5 %). t test has revealed that gender wise, females have shown better interpersonal attraction than males. Overall, Personality and subjective well-being appeared to influence interpersonal attraction of the adolescents. Thus, it can be concluded that personality and subjective well-being plays a vital role in the interpersonal attraction of the adolescents.
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Family environment and academic anxiety of school girls from government and private schools
Page 475-477
Sheetal Rajput, Bharathi Kumari and Girija Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia University, Delhi

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The present study was conducted to assess the family environment and academic Anxiety of school going girls. The sample for the study consists of 30 government school girls and 30 private school girls. All the subjects were selected from 12th standard. The children were administered the family environment scale (Moos & Moos,1974) and academic anxiety scale Singh and Sengupta (1984). The most important findings are as follows. The private school girls have obtained significantly higher mean than the government school children in cohesion and control dimension of family environment. The government school girls have obtained significantly higher mean than the private school girls in achievement orientation, moral religious emphasis and organization. In academic anxiety the government school girls have significantly higher academic anxiety in comparison to private school girls. The correlations between family environment and academic anxiety are low and negative. There is positive correlation between active recreational orientation and academic anxiety in private school girls.
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Relationship between spiritual health and life satisfaction in police personnel in Uttar Pradesh
Page 478-481
Vertika Singh and P. C. Mishra Department of Psychology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, U.P.

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Spiritual health may not be something that you think much of, yet its impact on your life is unavoidable. The basis of spirituality is discovering a sense of meaningfulness in your life and coming to know that you have a purpose to fulfil thus leading to job satisfaction and in turn life satisfaction. The present study is an attempt to examine the relationship between Spiritual Health and Life Satisfaction in Police Personnel in Uttar Pradesh. Keeping in mind their stressful lifestyle, work pressure, erratic work hours and lack of sleep, it was felt necessary to study the relationship between spiritual health and life satisfaction. Police personnel were selected randomly and a sample of 300 was taken for the present study from across Uttar Pradesh. The Spiritual Health Scale developed by the Institute of Transformation (2000) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) developed by Diener et al. (1985) was administered on the subjects. Results revealed a high positive relationship between the two. The higher the spiritual intelligence of a person, the higher was their satisfaction with life.
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A correlational study of PTSD and different coping strategies among residents of Kashmir
Page 482-486
Sajad Ahmad Najar Department of Psychology Govt. Degree College Hadipora, J & K, Mehraj Ud Din Dar Post Graduate in Psychology Jammu & Kashmir, Abdul Majid Bhat University of Delhi Delhi, Neetu Saini Disha School of Special Education & Rehabilitation Centre, Meerut, U.P.

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Though disastrous events may last for seconds to few days, effects on communities and individuals can continue from months to years during the extended process of recovery, reconstruction and restoration. Long term recovery varies significantly due to the complex interaction of psychological, cultural, social, political and economic factors. PTSD is a severe emotional reaction that develops after exposure to one or more traumatic events that threaten or cause grave physical or psychological harm. The present study aims to examine (1) the correlation between PTSD and different coping strategies, and (2) the correlation between PTSD and different demographic variables. A sample of 100 subjects was taken from Bone and Joints Hospital, Srinagar and Khundrooa residential area of Anantnag district. In order to meet the aims of the present study, 'Impact of event scalerevised (IES-R)' developed by Weiss and Marmar in 1997 and 'Ways of copingrevised' developed by Folkman and Lazarus in 1985 were used. Data was analyzed by using mean, S.D, correlation, and t-test. It was found that among different coping strategies like confrontive coping, self controlling, seeking social support, accepting responsibility, planful problem solving, and positive re-appraisal PTSD patients make more use of 'Accepting responsibility' and 'Seeking social support' coping strategies. Results also suggested that PTSD differed significantly with respect to gender, educational qualification, age and residential area.
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Gender differences: Perception of teasing and body image among young adults
Page 487-490
Supriya Maria Bernadette Christopher and Surekha Chukkali Department of Psychology, Christ University, Bangalore, Karnataka

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The main focus of the current research is to determine whether perception of teasing has an influence on an individual's body image. Teasing related to weight may occur more often than many other types of teasing during childhood and adolescence. The study was conducted with a sample 100 under graduate students. The participants were in the age group of 18 to 21 years. The data was collected using teasing questionnaire-revised by Storch et al. (2004) and body image questionnaire by Cash (1994). 10 participants who scored high on teasing questionnaire were interviewed to further explore their teasing experiences and its relation to their body image. The results showed that there are no gender differences between teasing and body image among adults. Teasing seemed to be related to some of the domains of body image. Data from interviews show that peers and family were the major group of people involved in teasing. Teasing seemed to be having many consequences for the individuals results also indicate that teasing on one's appearance influences their body image.
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Educated unemployed youth and psychological distress
Page 491-494
Anita Sharma and KiranThakur Department of Psychology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla and Rakesh Parihar Department of Psychology, Govt. College Sanjauli, Shimla

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In this study, an effort has been made to investigate the role of unemployment in the development of the physical distress in youth. A sample of 400 subjects (200 males and 200 females) was drawn from Solan district of Himachal Pradesh. Comparison was done between unemployed and employed youth in both the gender groups i.e., males and females. A 2 x 2 ANOVA has yielded significant results that is, unemployed youth has significantly perceived greater psychological distress profiles (inadequacy, depression, anxiety, sensitivity, anger, tension) than employed people. Findings from this study suggest that unemployment has an adverse effect on psychological function, with the unemployed becoming more anxious, depressed and concerned with bodily symptoms. Unemployment leads to frustration, aggression, regression and finally to resignation from life.
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Role of emotional empowerment technique (EET) in overcoming shame and guilt in people living with HIV/AIDS and Naina Sharma Department of Distance Education, Punjabi University, Patiala
Page 495-497
Neetu Bala Hypnotherapist, Psychologist and Counselor, Patiala

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The present study attempts to study the efficacy of Emotional Empowerment Technique (EET) in overcoming Shame and Guilt in people living with HIV/AIDS. The sample comprised of 15 HIV positive male patients between the age group of 20-40 years seeking treatment from Civil Hospital, Ludhiana. The patients were assessed by State Shame and Guilt Scale (SSGS), which measured the state level of shame, guilt and pride. Emotional Empowerment Technique (EET) was applied on them for 5 days and again same scale was administered. To study the efficacy of the ETT, t test was applied and the results revealed significant differences on pre and post test.
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Need hierarchy pattern: A study of male and female executives
Page 498-502
Nirmala Singh Rathore Department of Psychology University of Rajasthan, Jaipur and Mahesh Kumar Choudhary Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajasthan Technical University, Kota

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Human nature can be very simple, yet very complex too. Quite apart from the benefit and moral value of an altruistic approach to treating colleagues as human beings and respecting human dignity in all its forms, research and observations show that well motivated employee motivation is a mystery for many researchers. Instead understanding how to use these to improve performance. Organisations desiring to improve employee motivation need a system in place that consistently satisfies needs of employee. An understanding and appreciation of this is a prerequisite to effective employee motivation in the work place and therefore effective management and leadership. In spite of enormous research, basic as well as applied the subject of hierarchy of needs is not clearly understood and more often than not poorly practiced. To understand need hierarchy pattern one must understand human nature itself. Maslow's hierarchy of needs is valuable assessment tool that is used in many different professions, particularly those in the field of education and health care. The ideas of needs are addressed in order, as the body resolves the most basic needs for survival before moving on to more complex needs. At the broadest level, an evolutionary approach implies that all behaviour is goal oriented, resulting from psychological adaptations that were designed by natural selection to deal with recurrent, threats and opportunities. A considerable body of comparative and neuropsychological evidence supports the assumptions of multiple motivational and cognitive systems. There is also reason to presume some degree of hierarchical relationship between functional motivational systems.
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Prevalence of workplace bullying and its impact on workplace well-being in academia
Page 503-505
Richa Gupta PG Department of Psychology, University of Jammu, Jammu

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Workplace bullying is a serious issue that needs immediate attention. It is deliberate and repetitive form of interpersonal behavior that adversely affects the wellbeing of the targeted person. This study examined the prevalence of workplace bullying in academia. An attempt was made to determine the impact of workplace bullying on workplace wellbeing. The Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised was used to assess the perceptions of being exposed to workplace bullying among college lecturers in Jammu. Self-report questionnaires measuring workplace wellbeing (job satisfaction and work engagement) were also administered to the sample in their workplaces. The results based on data gathered from 216 college lecturers indicated that 41% (89 lecturers) of the participants had experienced bullying behaviors during the previous six months. Correlation and regression analyses showed that workplace bullying has a negative impact on workplace wellbeing of lecturers. The findings suggest that workplace bullying is a part of faculty experiences in academia and if ignored can crop up serious repercussions.
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Relationship between lingualism and creativity: A review
Page 506-510
Preeti Gulati and Davinder Singh Department of Psychology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

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This has been a review article written keeping in mind the relationship between lingualism and creativity. A number of articles were reviewed to study the relationship between lingualism and creativity. Many researchers through their studies established that bilinguals have an advantage over monolinguals as far as creativity is concerned. On the other hand some of the researchers have shown that monolinguals have performed better on verbal creativity as compared to the figural creativity. All the research articles have had been reviewed to conclude the role of lingualism in creativity. We are of the opinion that this topic is under researched and more systematic studies are required to identify the role of lingualism in creativity.
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Occupational stress among doctors: An explorative study
Page 511-513
Triveni S. and Vijayalaxmi A. Aminabhavi Department of Psychology, Karnataka University, Dharwad, Karnatka

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Doctors working in government organizations have been contributing to the public against all odds amidst various types of stressors. There is a strong need to identify these stressors and understand their experiences in order to help them deal with it effectively. Hence, in the present study is an attempt is made to understand the level of stress and also to identify the specific personal and work related factors that may contribute to the occupational stress of Doctors. Occupational Stress Index (Srivastava & Singh, 1984) along with a Bio-data sheet (which includes the information related to other personal and work related factors) were administered on a sample of 100 Doctors. The sample consists of Doctors (M=60,F=40) within the age group of 30 to 60 years employed in government organizations in Hubli, Dharwad and Belgaum cities of Northern Karnataka. The scrutinized data was subjected to descriptive analysis and Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis using SPSS (9.0). descriptive statistics reveal moderate level of Ocuupational stress on 12 dimensions of OSI. Among the variables entered in the regression model- expressed Job satisfaction and Caste and religion have emerged as significant predictors of the occupational stress among doctors. Results are discussed in detail and the implications are suggested.
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Emotional stability, self-concept and insecurities among adolescents rape victims
Page 514-515
Sanjeeda and Sushma Suri Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia University, Delhi

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Rape is truly a violation of one's mind and soul. Most common rape experience is one in which a betrayal of trust accompanies with physical violence, shattering of the victim's emotional stability and self-esteem and feeling of hopelessness and self blame. An attack by a stranger might cause different adjustment problems than an attack by a person with whom the victim has had some close relationship. The peresent research attempted to examine the emotional stability, self concept and insecurities among two different types of rape victims i.e. victim with known perpetrator and victim with unknown perpetrator. For the purpose 50 rape victims from different sheltor homes, NGOs and residential areas of delhi were taken as a sample of the study. Emotional stability test by Gupta and Singh (1985), Self concept inventory by Mohsin (1979) and Security-insecurity inventory by Mohsin (1979) was used in order to get the data. An informal interwiew was used to obtain, an overall understanding of the trauma. Demographic information, miseries and critical concern of the victims were also noted down. Results of the study indicated that victim in both groups shows almost similar type of emotional instaility while victims with known perpetrator have found to be low self concept and more insecurities in comparison to other groups. The paper concludes rape victim are likely to experience a negative social responses like police harassment, parental rejection, shame and fear, and occasionally public outrage implying that rape victims need support to recover. Further studies should include coping strategies and intervention.
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Quality of community life and stress in tribals and non-tribals
Page 516-520
Sunny. M. and Bharathi Kumari Department of Psychology, Jamia Milia Islamia University, Delhi

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The study was conducted on an incidental sample of 20 naga 20 Kuki and 20 Meitei (30-50 years) from Manipur. The main hypothesis of the study is to assess the differences in the quality of community life and stress in tribal (Naga and Kuki) and nontribal (Metei) groups. The level of education is graduation and above graduation. The occupation of the selected sample is teaching. Quality of community life (Bela et al., 2005) scale and psychological stress scale (2005) were administered to the sample. The quality of community life scale developed by ICMR measures eleven dimensions of the community life. The stress scale provides scores for eight areas. The results indicated significant differences bet when Kukis and Meiteis in community effort for stimulation, relatives and social discrimination. The Meiteis has obtained significantly higher mean than Kukis. The Meiteis has obtained significantly higher mean than Nagas in social discrimination. In psychological stress much difference is not there. None of the t values are significant
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Intersectoral comparison regarding personality traits (positive life skills) of some entrepreneurs
Page 521-524
Suman Bhatia and Tilak Sethi Haryana School of Business, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana

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The paper analyses the variations in personality traits of some entrepreneurs.To assess the difference of personality traits of some entrepreneurs, a study was conducted. The study aimed to highlight major personality traits responsible for the success of first & second generation entrepreneurs .In process, it also tried to tell the difference between traits various personality among entrepreneurs. There were six factors viz.: Creative Capabilities, Asse-rtive Leadership Capabilities, Entrepreneurial Maturity with Commitment, Possession of Requisite Knowledge, Confident Decision Taker & Innovative Personality.
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A study of job satisfaction of high school teachers in relation to anxiety and burnout
Page 525-530
Monika Kumari Dakshin Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha, Chennai and Nirmala Devi C.R. College of Education, Hisar, Haryana

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The main purpose of this research was to find out the mean difference between Private & High School Teachers. The total sample consisted by 300 (Govt. & Private) High School Teachers. This study aimed at finding the level of Job satisfaction of High School Teachers in Relation to Anxiety and Burnout. The study revealed that Govt. High School Teachers were more satisfied as compared to Private High School Teachers because of their low expectations and also the percentage the level of anxiety is higher in teachers of Private High Schools than the teachers of Govt. High Schools. This study is also revealed that job satisfaction of high school teachers is negatively significant related to burnout.
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Work-life balance practices and its impact on employee performance: A study of service organizations
Page 531-535
Chetna Pandey Department of Management, Aditya College, Gwalior, M.P. and Rajni Khare Department of Management, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, M.P.

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As in today's global scenario change are taking place at a fast pace in the working culture. These changes are making it difficult for the employees to balance their work-life. The present study is designed to focus on work-life balance practices, their awareness and implementation in service organizations. Work-life balance means effectively managing the paid work and other obligations personal/family. As many of the researches have already being done worldwide in this topic previously in the western context, our research is also an attempt to find the importance of work-life balance among the employees in the Indian context. The study will also try to measure the impact of the work-life balance on the employee performance. This project is a voyage, starting with a set up of objective to assess the levels of commitment prevailing in various organizations, to assess the problems in balancing work-life among the employees in various organizations a subjective and objective survey of individual will be conducted mainly in the region of Gwalior. The results show the impact of work-life balance practices on performance of the service employees.
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Psycho-socio, economic conditions of left behind families by NRI groom's
Page 536-539
Atinder Pal Kaur Department of Sociology, Panjab University Chandigarh and Vivek Thakur Department of Police Administration, Panjab University Chandigarh

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In this study we examine the problem faced by abandon wives in respect to their own self and their parents. Further psycho-socio and economic conditions of left behind brides have been examined with the help of case study and applying interview schedule. Study of 20 cases has been done. The study has been dealt with various effects of the left behind wives and also has tried to examine the situations and the difficulties they have faced.
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Suicide: A burning issue in the present-day world
Page 540-544
Aparna Vyas Post graduate in Psychology, G.D.H.G. College, Moradabad, U.P.

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The present paper focuses on the increasing suicidal behavior among people in the present- day world. In the face of cut throat competition and under the tremendous pressure to succeed in every walk of life, the fear to be treated as a failure drives many people to attempt suicide so the situation demands immediate attention. Especially, the issue of the rising trend of suicides among children and adolescents is absolutely essential to be dealt with as the future of the society depends on them. Age group differences, gender disparities, risk factors and warning signs of suicidal behavior have been discussed in the light of recent studies and findings. Most importantly, the paper draws attention to the urgent need of spreading awareness about the intervention strategies aimed at preventing suicide and promoting mental health and well-being.
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Enhancing educational effectiveness through teachers' professional development
Page 545-549
Vaishali Sharma Department of Education, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra and Shivani Bindal Mullana College of Education Mullana, Ambala, Haryana

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There are changing times in education system around the world. With the start of the new millennium, many societies are engaging in serious and promising educational reforms. One of the key elements in most of the reforms is the professional development of teachers. Societies are finally acknowledging that teachers are not only one of the variables that need to be changed but they are also the most significant change agents in these reforms. This double role of teachers in educational system being both subjects and objects of change marks the field of teacher's professional development a growing and challenging area and the one that has received major attention during the past few years. A school system's significant asset is its teaching force. The most important investment a school board, administration, and parents can make in a school system is to ensure that teachers continue to learn. The various professional development activities helps to enhance confidence level and knowledge of the teachers which ultimately improves students' learning. Professional development helps to facilitate learning and development among educators, specifically to learn to cope with new and changing roles and new approaches to teaching. It enhances teachers' capabilities and competencies and enables them to keep abreast of current issues, and helps them implement innovations and refine practices. The present paper will focus on the need and importance of teachers' professional development in order to enhance educational effectiveness. Professional development of teachers' plays an important role in equipping schools to meet the challenges facing them. The paper will also highlight the ways to continuing professional development activities.
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Sociological study of substance abuser in Gurgaon
Page 550-552
Devinder Kumar Department of Psychiatry General Hospital, Gurgaon, Sunila Rathee Department of Psychiatry University of Health, Rohtak and Brahmdeep Sindhu Senior Medical Officer General Hospital, Gurgaon

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The issue of drug abuse is one of the major problems of contemporary society. The incidence of drug abuse among rural areas is getting un-expectedly high. The present study is conducted to know the socio-economic profile of drug addicts and to understand the pattern of drug abuse among drug addicts in district Gurgaon of Haryana. Present study revealed that drug abuse among rural youth is a multifaceted problem. Peer pressure or influence, addiction in family history and exposure to drugs were found to be main instigators for youth to indulge in drug abuse. One more interesting thing comes to know, it seems that peer group of drug abuser does not want that respondent quit the addiction, that's why only three friends come to meet during hospitalization and out of them 2 are comes to supply the substance.
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Mental health concerns of young women: Working model of a counseling centre in an urban women's college
Page 553-555
Jennie Mendes Sophia College for Women, Mumbai

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Women's spaces are unique. They come with their resistances and energies to survive in an unequal world. An exclusive women's college provides benefits that coeducational institutions do not. This study attempts to arrive at and quantify young women's (students) stressors and their mental health concerns. A cross-sectional stratified sample of 513 female students was administered a Questionnaire to identify stressors and to measure their perception of counseling /help needed. An attempt was further made to validate this quantitative data with an analysis of theme abstractions from a group of 67 student counselees who availed long term services of the counseling center on campus (2008 to 2012).The age distribution in this study is the undergraduate female student below the age of 24 The response rate was 97%. Results revealed 13 themes that would motivate young women to seek guidance. One strong pointer that emerged was the need for guidance was unavoidable. As a preventive approach to mental health all campuses would benefit from such a service.
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The role of religion/spirituality in mental and physical health
Page 556-561
Renu Sodhi and Manju Department of Applied Psychology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana

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The purpose of the current study is to examine the relationship between religion/spirituality and health outcomes of persons and to measure the domains of religion and spirituality believed to be significant for mental and physical health, and also to examine the factorial overlap between all the variables. Sample size of the study is 120 individuals (70 Males, 50 Females). Spirituality Assessment Inventory (SAI), Religiosity Scale, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and P.G.I. Health Questionnaire (N-1) is used for the purpose of data collection. In statistical tools Pearson Product Moment Correlation and factor analysis has been applied. The major findings of the study shows that various factors of spirituality and religiosity is significantly associated with positive mental and physical health and further principal component method of factor analysis extracted three factors and interpreted after varimax rotation.
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Brain based instructional strategies for improving academic achievement and self-esteem
Page 562-564
Latika Sharma and Anita Sharma Department of Education, Panjab University, Chandigarh

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Learner is the pivot of teaching learning process. Achievement of a learner fairly depends on the teaching strategies employed in the classroom. This paper reviews the effect of Brain based instructional strategies on achievement and self esteem of science students. The empirical results show that there is a positive and significant gain in mean scores on achievement and self-esteem of class VII science students. Thus brain based instructional strategies can be used to enhance science achievement and also to improve self-esteem of the students.
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How do people process word-like stimuli?
Page 565-569
Dhiksha. J Christ University, Bangalore, Karnatka

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Repetition priming and the effect of perceptual specificity on priming have been investigated for a long time, yet there still has been heated debate about the underlying mechanism. The two main theoretical accounts of repetition priming are the abstractionist approach and episodic theories; the former asserts that preexisting abstract representations mediate priming whereas the latter claims that specific episodes support priming. To further understand how people process word-like stimuli, the present study investigated priming for studied and unstudied pseudowords and the effect of letter case shift using high-shift pseudowords. Participants learned uppercase pseudowords in the study phase, and one to three days later they were tested in a familiarity task in which both uppercase and lowercase pseudowords were used. Priming was observed for both studied and unstudied pseudowords; however, the specificity effect reduction in priming due to letter case shift was only obtained in studied pseudowords. The interaction between pseudoword type (studied and unstudied), letter case (uppercase and lowercase), and presentation (initial and repeated) was significant, indicating thatmanipulation of letter case influenced reaction times for different presentations when different types of pseudowords were used. Results provide evidence for episodic theories and for the abstractionist approach as well. In order to gain further understanding of pseudoword priming, suggestions for future studies using other techniques are discussed.
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500 INR

To investigate cognitive distortions as factor of depression
Page 570-573
Priyanka, Nadeem Luqman and Firdos Jahan AIBAS, Amity University, Gurgaon, Haryana

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Concept of cognitive distortions was originally defined by Beck (1967). The idea behind frame work of Cognitive distortions is based on the theory that individual’s subjective evaluation of early life experiences that shapes and maintains fundamental beliefs (Schemas) about self, in support of or in defense against early schemas, secondary beliefs develop and function as rules or assumptions about the self and world, according to Beck the depressed individuals acquired a negative schema, during childhood and adolescence; they develop a tendency to see the world negatively, there are many reasons for these negative thought processes, negative schemata or beliefs so acquired by depressed individuals are activated whenever they confront with new situation. similarly Depression is an emotional state marked by emotional symptoms (e.g depressed mood), Motivational symptoms (e.g loss of interest or pleasure), cognitive (e.g negative thoughts, feeling of hopelessness) and somatic (loss of energy, sleep disturbances). Methodology: In order to investigate the above mentioned aim/objective investigator collected the sample of N=100 mean age 23 years, Following measures were used Beck Depression Inventory-2 is revised version of BDI-1designed by Beck, Steer, and Brown (1996), Having r=0.71 and The test was also shown to have a high one-week test–retest reliability (Pearson r =0.93), test also has high internal consistency (α=.91).and The DAS-A Weissman and Beck (1978) is a 40 item self report inventory designed to measure cognitive schema containing dysfunctional attitudes and beliefs that may place individuals at risk for depression alpha coefficients ranging from .86 to .90 and high test-retest reliability (r=.84). Results and Discussion: Keeping in view the nature and purpose of the investigation investigator applied simple linear regression analysis results show that cognitive distortions appeared as significant predictor of depression. If we give more close perspective we
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500 INR

Stress and optimism among undergraduate students
Page 574-577
Tanu Kukreja and Arzoo Singh AIBAS, Amity University, Gurgaon, Haryana

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The main objective of this paper is to study the correlation between stress and optimism among undergraduate students residing in the state of Haryana. Stress, in the modern world, is omnipresent and has become a like an almost permanent part of each and everyone's life. However, if stress is experienced only from time to time, and in such a way that we are able to relieve the stress by action, then this can actually be good for us. It is harmful only when an individual is not able to cope with it any longer. According to the World Health Organization, nearly 500 million people worldwide suffer from stress. Optimism on the other hand is the propensity to look at the bright side of any situation and expect the best possible outcome from any series of events. Optimism is powerfully motivational and is one of the cornerstones of success. Studies have shown that optimism is a key part of effective stress management. To study this aspect further, Life Orientation Scale given by Scheier et al. (1985) and Perceived Stress Scale given by Cohen (1983) were used. Sample of 100 students studying across various universities in the state of Haryana was collected. All randomly chosen students were in their under graduate program. The results obtained show that stress and optimism are significantly negatively correlated.
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500 INR

Management of anxiety among school children
Page 578-580
Radhika Taroor Student Counselor cum Instructor in Behavioral Science, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE

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The present study determines the level of Anxiety in school children and suggests remedial measures to cope up with the same to offset its harmful effects. The study used an experimental design was conducted on 450 students of grade VI XII (11- 17 years) from a randomly selected Higher Secondary School, India. Multiphase sampling was adopted. The 100 students with the highest level of anxiety were chosen for intervention 50 randomly allocated into the Experimental Group and the remaining 50 for Control group. The Experimental group students were given the interventions such as Relaxation for Body and Mind, Low Frequency Breathing Exercise for 4 weeks, 1 hour per day. Both boys and girls were included for the study. Structured Questionnaire State Trait Anxiety Inventory was used for data collection. t- test was applied to find out the significant differences between the means. The level of Anxiety of the subjects in the experimental group (75%) was significantly less than that of the control group (99.6%) after the intervention program and an overall improvement in scores (marks) was noticed. Girls showed significantly reduced levels of Anxiety from a Mean score of 99.85 to 76.35. Boys were found performing better in academics and extracurricular activities (74.2%). The research was highly rewarding and outlined the benefits of intervention for decreasing anxiety and improving scholastic performance of the adolescent students. The schools may introduce similar programs for the students with high anxiety levels.
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500 INR

Procrastination: A psychological perspective of body and mind
Page 581-584
Kalpana Sahoo Department of OB & HRM, Sri Sri University, Bhubaneswar

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Procrastination in organizations may have negative effects on both individual wellbeing and system effectiveness.Procrastination is called as the behaviour or action of putting off a task that either the focal persons or other role senders expect should be done at the present time .The reason may be work environment or may be habits and personality attributes. But due to this lack of initiation, it has greater adverse effects on both the task and performance. For one, procrastinators come from all different walks of life. They are good people from around the world, many of them with big dreams and ambitions they wish to see realized. Because they cannot realize their goals, and because they feel as if they are wasting their lives, they are suffering greatly.Most of the research findings suggest that it can be removed through time management techniques and can improve work habits. This paper tries to highlight specific reasons of procrastination and how time management plays an important role in combating procrastination.
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500 INR

Social psychological factors contributing to academic failure: A study of school students in Punjab
Page 585-587
Rajni Jassal Department of Sociology, USOL Panjab University, Chandigarh and Aakashdeep Sharma Department of Police Administration Panjab University, Chandigarh

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Academic failure leads to retention and school dropout that is the most graving issue among education policy makers or others. Children are future of the society if they remain blank or empty headed then there would be no sustainable society. The objective of this paper is to highlight social psychological factors that lead to academic failure among school students in Punjab. Elementary class students, teachers and parents of the students, dropout children were included in this study. Results and implications are discussed.
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500 INR

Conceptual framework of stress management in professional organisation
Page 588-592
Priyanka Girdhar Women's Institute for Studies in Development Oriented Management, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan and Naval Garg Haryana School of Business, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana

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Modern life is full of hassles, deadlines, frustrations, and demands. For many people, stress is so commonplace that it has become a way of life. Stress is part of our lives. We live with it, deal with it, and above all worry about it. Our way of life, the area in which we live, the economy, and our jobs can cause a great deal of stress. We may feel stress when we are very busy, have important deadlines to meet, or have too little time to finish all of our tasks. Often people experience stress because of problems at work or in social relationships, such as a poor evaluation by a supervisor or an argument with a friend. Some people may be particularly vulnerable to stress in situations involving the threat of failure or personal humiliation. Others have extreme fears of objects or things associated with physical threats-such as snakes, illness, storms, or flying in an airplanes .Not everyone deals with the same level of stress and there are several factors that can impact our lives and cause us to have higher or lower stress levels. Some situations in life are stress provoking, but it is our thoughts about situations that determine whether they are a problem to us. How we perceive a stress-provoking event and how we react to it determines its impact on our health. We may be motivated and invigorated by the events in our lives, or we may see some as "stressful" and respond in a manner that may have a negative effect on our physical, mental and social well being. If we always respond in a negative way our health and happiness may suffer. By understanding ourselves and our reactions to stress-provoking situations, we can learn to handle stress more effectively.
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500 INR

A study of daily spiritual experiences and stress among youth
Page 593-595
Tanu Kukreja and Suma Chebiyyam AIBAS, Amity University, Haryana

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Spirituality and religiousness are gaining attention as health research variables. This research is done to measure the relationship between daily spiritual experiences and stress level. When humans place their faith and belief in GOD, then they tend to relax and relieve their stress. Normative data from random sample of 75 students from a university campus in Haryana were collected. The Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (Underwood, 2002) and Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, 1983) were used to assess the Daily life spiritual experiences and stress respectively. It was hypothesized that Spirituality should be negatively correlated to stress but the present results show that Spiritual experiences and Stress are not significantly correlated.
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500 INR

To investigate personality traits as a function of dysfunctional attitudes
Page 596-598
Nadeem Luqman and Priyanka AIBAS, Amity University, Gurrgaon, Haryana

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The aim of present investigation is to investigate Personality Traits and Dysfunctional attitude. Research in cognitive processes and attitudes, it is unclear whether alterations in cognitive processes and attitudes are only related to the depressive mood states, as far as present investigation is concerned only emphasis is on investigating that out of Five personality traits which one is more entangled to Dysfunctional attitude. The sample of N=100, mean age = 20 years, was collected following measures were used NEO-FFI, The NEO-FFI is a short version of the NEO personality inventory (NEO-PI) designed by Costa and McCrae (1985) to provide self and other reported measures of the five factor model of personality. Neuroticism (N), Extraversion (E), Openness (O), Agreeableness (A), and Conscientiousness (C) are the personality dimensions measured by the test. internal consistency for the NEO-FFI was calculated using alpha coefficient values were .89, .79, .74, and, .84 for N,E,O,A, and C, respectively, On the self reports, the convergent correlations ranged from .56 to .62. Similarly for The DAS-A Weissman and Beck (1978) is a 40 item self report inventory designed to measure cognitive schema containing dysfunctional attitudes and beliefs that may place individuals at risk for depression alpha coefficients ranging from .86 to .90 and high test-retest reliability (r=.84). Multiple linear regression analysis and t-test was applied findings show that Neuroticism and Conscientiousness out of all traits appeared as significant predictor of Cognitive Distortions, similarly t-test was applied to see the group differences findings revealed that males scored significantly higher on both the aspects.
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A study of cognitive emotional regulation techniques and life satisfaction among undergraduate students
Page 599-601
Tanu Kukreja and Aaffreen AIBAS, Amity University, Gurgaon, Haryana

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The aim of the research was to study the correlation between life satisfaction and Cognitive Emotional Regulation Techniques used by human beings in daily life settings. The topic of the study was chosen with a rationale of correlating the Emotional Regulation Techniques being used in everyday life and Life Satisfaction. Life Satisfaction refers to the cognitive, judgemental process, Shin and Johnson (1978) define life satisfaction as “a global assessment of a person's quality of life according to his chosen criteria” Whereas Cognitive emotional regulation refers to the cognitive processes that manage emotionally arousing information (Zhu et al., 2008; Garnefski et al., 2007; Thomson 1991). A sample of 75 undergraduate students was taken from a University campus of Haryana State. Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire by Garnefski (1999) was used to assess the different cognitive emotional regulation techniques and Life Satisfaction Scale by Diener (1985) was used to assess Life Satisfaction level. The results state that no significant correlation existed between life satisfaction and Cognitive emotional regulation techniques.
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Psychological correlates of couples following empty nest stage
Page 602-604
Kanika Jindal The IIS University, Mansarovar, Jaipur

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The present study examined the influence of status of couples (living with wards or without wards) and gender on the psychological measures of purpose in life and happiness. Sample for the study consisted of 30 males and 30 females between the age range of 45-55 years (M=49.5) drawn from Jaipur city. The participants were assessed with Purpose in life questionnaire and Happiness measure questionnaire. Results showed that couples living without wards were negatively associated with purpose in life and happiness, however no significant gender difference was observed.
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500 INR

Work/life balance: Challenges and solutions
Page 605-607
Chandrani Sen and Fehmeena Bakht Department of Psychology, The IIS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan

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In organizations and on the home front, the challenges of work/life balance are rising to the top of many employers and employees consciousness. In today's work life human resource professionals seek options to positively impact the bottom line of their companies; improve employee morale, checked turnover rate and keep pace with work place trends. This paper provide human resource professional with an historical perspective, data and possible solutions for organizations and employees in relation to work life balance. It offers the perspective that human resource professionals can assist their companies to capitalize on these factors by using work/life initiatives to gain a competitive advantage in the market place.
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500 INR

Animal assisted interventions and geriatric well-being: The Indian context
Page 608-614
Georgitta Joseph Valiyamattam Department of Psychology, Andhra University, A.P.

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The concept of Animal Assisted Interventions (AAI) for human health and wellbeing, though widely accepted, is still in the nascent stages with regard to theoretical grounding and organised, widespread practical application, in the Indian setting. One of the many extensive and promising areas of application of AAI is in the geriatric setting. A fairly sizeable evidence of both research and practice in this impact area of AAI exists, especially in the west. However in the Indian setting, the prospect of AAI being used as an organised and popular means of therapy in the geriatric setting has found very limited exploration. This paper attempts to understand the relevance of Animal Assisted Interventions both on a broad basis and with specific reference to the geriatric setting in the Indian context. It tries to analyse the current progress in the field and the concerns therein. Further, it also delves into the prospects of AAI as a full-fledged therapeutic approach that draws both on existing research as also focuses on developing new ways and means for organised application.
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500 INR

A study of self-esteem and depression among youth of Haryana state
Page 615-617
Tanu Kukreja and Nelson Mukhia AIBAS, Amity University, Gurgaon, Haryana

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The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between Self esteem and Depression among youth of Haryana State. To assess the Self Esteem and Depression, Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 2002) and the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, 1996) were used respectively. A sample of 75 students was taken from Amity University Haryana, India. The students consisted of 17-23 years of age. Significant negative correlation was found between the two variables which clearly indicate that Depression and Self Esteem are highly negatively correlated.
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500 INR

Stress in everyday life and its management
Page 618-620
Davender Department of Applied Psychology GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana and Pratibha B.P.S. College of Education, B.P.S.M.V. Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, Haryana

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Stress is man's adaptive reaction to an outward situation which would lead to physical, mental and behavioral changes. Stress is one's reaction to the changes and pressures in everyday life. Some stress is good and helps us stay alert to accomplish important tasks. But constant, unrelieved stress can lead to serious physical and mental difficulties. One cannot eliminate stress, but can learn to manage it and prevent it from damaging his/her relationships, college and work performance, and his life in general. Stress makes one's heart beat faster, raises blood pressure, and quickens breathing. The purpose of this paper is to make people know how to manage their life if they feel stressed and how they cope up with their day to day life stress in today's scenario.
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Women and global warming: A paradigm shift
Page 621-623
Seema Sharma Department of Political Science, D.A.V. College, Chandigarh

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The average temperature of the earth's atmosphere has increased to cause climate change. However, it now times to mitigate the green house emission to save world by adverse effect of climate change. The present paper seeks to highlight and discuss the role and contribution of women as agents of change in global warming. Climate change is not only an environmental issue, rather a social issue where women's involvement is the need of the hour.
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Effect of smoking on attention performance and memory
Page 624-627
Shiv Kumar and Khushboo Department of Applied Psychology, GJUS&T Hisar, Haryana

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The present study was planned to investigate the effect of smoking on attention performance and different type of memory. The sample for the present study is consisted of 40 male smokers and 40 male non smokers. In this study a prose material (a cutting of Editorial from Hindi news paper which contained about 1000 words) and PGI Memory scale developed by Prasad and Wig (1994) was used. Three hypotheses were testing using t-test at 0.05 level of significance. Findings reveal that there is a significant difference between attention performance of smokers and non smoker's subjects. In 2nd hypothesis, there is a significant difference between attention performance error of smokers and non smoker's subjects. In 3rd hypothesis also there is a significant difference between different type of memory level of smokers and non smoker's subjects.
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Poverty, mental health and its effects
Page 628-631
Anil Kumar and Rakesh Behmani Department of Psychology, Guru Jambheshwer University Hisar, Haryana

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The paper aims to introduce the concept of poverty and mental health. It deals with the definition of the concept and its effects on rural poor, urban poor, on children, adults and on older people. The paper focuses on reviewing the pertinent literature and provides an overall picture of poverty and mental health condition existing today. The paper also throws light on the intervention that is designed to improve mental health condition of various ages' people. There is a dearth of such kind of researches in India. Various studies that have been conducted in various countries are also mentioned to understand the concept. It is hoped that academicians, mental health workers and professional would benefits from this review through highlighting the studies.
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Effect of alcohol on attention performance and memory
Page 632-635
Shiv Kumar, Neha and Uma Soni Department of Applied Psychology, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana

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The present study was planned to investigate the effect of alcohol on attention performance and different type of memory. The sample for the present study is consisted of 30 males and 10 females who takes alcohol regular and 30 males and 10 females who were not taking alcohol. In this study a prose material (a cutting of Editorial from Hindi news paper which contained about 1000 words) and PGI Memory scale developed by Dwarka Parsad and N.N. Wig (1994) was used. Three hypotheses were testing using t-test at 0.05 level of significance. Findings reveal that there is a significant difference between attention performance of alcohol taking and non alcohol taking subjects. In 2nd hypothesis, there is a significant difference between attention performance error of alcohol taking and non alcohol taking subjects. In 3rd hypothesis also there is a significant difference between different type of memory level of alcohol taking and non alcohol taking subjects.
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Self-regulation and emotional reactivity among hypertensive people
Page 636-638
Randhir Singh and Manju Applied Psychology Department, G.J.U.S&T Hisar, Haryana

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The present study was conducted to assess the relationship between self regulation and emotional reactivity among the hypertensive peoples. A sample of 100 people (both sexes) was selected, in which 50 were hypertensive and 50 were normal control of 35 to 55 years of age. All the subjects were administered self regulation and emotional reactivity scale. Obtained data were analyzed by appropriate statistical tool for compression of hypertensive and normal controlled hypertensive male and hypertensive female sample. Finding shows that the hypertensive group had low level of self regulation and high level of emotional reactivity than normal group and female hypertensive group had low level of self regulation and high level of emotional reactivity than hypertensive male group.
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A profile of potential managers using tenets of positive psychology
Page 639-640
Sumeet Manerikar Research Centre, WE School, Mumbai

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Martin Seligman's contribution of positive psychology is well known and has proved its utility in various fields. In this paper we have used concept of "flourishing" and tried to test its applicability in establishing a profile of potential managers. The objective of this paper is to identify their character strengths using Seligman's scale(48items covering 24 strengths) The scale was administered on a sample of 150 management students studying for post-graduate management degree programe (potntial mangers)The data was analysed and used to identify the areas of strengths and weaknesses as per Seligman's classification. These in turn are used to suggest the "flourishing" strategies, to create effective managers. The 2 main strategies which emerged are:1.Use of positive psychology scale to select future managers. 2. conduct training programmers to improve managerial effectiveness. The study also established the utility of positive scale in identification of character strengths of managers.
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Understanding mental states of emotional behavior: A delving research into Wittgenstein and Ekman's models of emotion
Page 641-643
Sakshi Ghai Independent Researcher at IIT, Mumbai

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The word Emotion' has been microscopically studied through psychological, anthropological and biological lenses. Emotions have indubitably been one of the most researched concepts as, in all situations and reactions that constitute human life emotions form the very niche of our mutual existence. The objective of the study is to establish emotional states from a philosophical and psychological standpoint and seek to arrive at a wholesome definition.The idea is to form a physiological and linguistic construct of emotions- delving into Wittgenstein and Ekman's Research.
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500 INR

Work-family conflict
Page 644-649
Vimla Verma Department of Psychology, JNV University, Jodhpur

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Work-family conflict is produced by simultaneous pressures from work and family roles that are mutually incompatible. Research has often distinguished role characteristics and personal characteristics as antecedents of work-family conflict. In the work domain, role characteristics such as work hours, schedule inflexibility, unsupportive coworkers and supervisors, etc. have been associated with high levels of work-family conflict. Family role characteristics associated with high work-family conflict include hours spent in family activities, the number and age of children, unsupportive family members, and family-induced stress. Extensive conflict has been associated with dissatisfaction, distress, withdrawal, and ineffective performance within the work and family domains. The notion that work and family roles can benefit one another has been referred to as enrichment. Enrichment is a bidirectional concept, work can enrich family life and family can enrich work life. Because enrichment results from the direct or indirect transfer of resources from one role to another, any characteristic of the work or family environment that produces resources is capable of generating work-family enrichment. Work-family enrichment has positive consequences. Work and family roles is no longer considered a “woman's issue” but rather applies to men and women with significant family and work responsibilities. Additional research is necessary to understand the interdependencies between work and family roles.
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Psychological impact of domestic violence against women
Page 650-652
Prarthna Swani Department of Psychology, S.R. Government College for Women, Amritsar, Punjab

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Relationships among family members are expected to be loving and nurturing and the family is ideally visualized as a supportive system. However, women and female children are often in great danger in the place where they should be safest, that is, within their families. For many, home is where they face a regime of terror and violence at the hands of somebody close to them somebody they should be able to trust. Domestic violence includes child physical abuse and neglect, partner or spouse abuse and also elder mistreatment. All over the world 90 to 95% of domestic violence is committed by men against women. The present article highlights the different types of abuse within the family setup. Domestic violence against women is often a cycle of abuse that manifests itself in many forms throughout their lives, at every developmental stage. Some common causes and characteristics of abuse, as well as some specific factors that perpetuate domestic violence are delineated. Further, the psychological impact of domestic violence against women is discussed. While no single syndrome uniformly results from exposure to violence, the presence of some psychological problems alone or in combination with physical and behavioural symptoms is nearly universal. Finally, the extreme complexity of the dynamics of family violence prevents one to propose simple remedial measures for such behaviour. Support groups, individual or group psychotherapy, and at times, pharmacotherapy may be required.
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500 INR

ICT and quality professional education
Page 653-656
Shivani Bindal Mullana College of Education, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana and Vaishali Sharma Department of Education, K.U., Kurukshetra, Haryana

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Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) is the key for unlocking new possibilities to envision modern education. ICT and e-learning offers a great opportunity to raise educational standards in schools and colleges. Large range of ICT tools is available for teaching and learning. It closes the gap of “Digital Divide” but at the same time it demands involvement of teachers and parents. Schools and colleges will need funding, access and training. Future learning is now focusing on learning beyond the classroom and curriculum. Institutions of learning particularly higher learning need to upgrade their teachers by offering re-training programmes. These are both costly and time consuming. By designing these programmes and content via e-learning methods both time and money are saved. The innovative method is also self promoting as it increases the curiosity level of teachers and students both for self-promotion and career enhancement. With collaborative tools e-learning is moving into virtual classes and virtual communities where the old methods of practice and test have melted into new interactive teaching-learning methodologies. The present paper analyses various e-learning methods and presents how the judicious blend of both traditional and virtual learning environment with special attention to students' needs and satisfaction can create constructive and creative learners, teaching community and learned society.
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Music cognition: Preliminary observations on the aesthetic simplicity of the Lullaby
Page 657-659
Jennie Mendes Sophia College for Women, Mumbai

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Lullabies are sung to all infants in all cultures in order to calm and put the baby to sleep. They are simple and repetitive. This preliminary study attempts to repeat earlier studies in the Goan cultural context with non Indian audiences. Thirteen female and twelve male non Indian listeners were presented with the tape excerpts. They were in the age group of twenty six to forty two years and all twenty five did not have any training in music. All participants rated the lullaby as the simpler song
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500 INR

Drugs addiction and alcohol use in young people in Haryana
Page 660-663
Karunesh Kumar J.C.D Memorial College of Pharmacy, Sirsa, Haryana and Neha Mehta J.C.D Memorial College, Sirsa, Haryana

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Since the 1990s alcohol consumption and drug misuse levels has increased enormously in the state of Haryana. This has been accompanied by a disturbing increase in drug and alcohol related problems, including those involving young people. A preliminary study by the Haryana Health Department showed that more than 45 percent of those aged 15-25 were addicts. Since the 1990s alcohol consumption and drug misuse levels has increased enormously in the state of Haryana. This has been accompanied by a disturbing increase in drug and alcohol related problems, including those involving young people. A preliminary study by the Haryana Health Department showed that more than 45 percent of those aged 15-25 were addicts. A survey by the Institute for Development and Communication (IDC) found over 65 percent of households are affected by alcohol abuse (IDC 2003). Over two third of the victims were regular alcohol users and 26 percent illicit drug users. 19 percent reported that alcohol and drug abuse was an important cause of suicide by farmers. This is not unexpected in light of the often dramatic reporting of alcohol and drug misuse by the media, and of public anxiety in the face of evidence of increasing availability and misuse of alcohol and drugs. The recent articles in The Tribune have raised concern and fear that the consumption of alcohol and other drugs is becoming a serious problem in Haryana. Some consultant psychiatrist in Haryana writes in The Tribune that alcohol consumption has risen considerably over the past couple of years. There is hardly any social function where alcohol is not served. The per capita alcohol consumption in Haryana is considered as second state in Haryana. Use of illegal drugs is also increasing among teenagers and use of smack and alcohol in high schools is increasing at an alarming rate. Even Haryana teenagers are seen celebrating various occasions with beer and champagne. Young people are regarded as vulnerable by the print media in Haryana. T
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500 INR

A manuscript on career planning and development plan for the managers
Page 664-668
Nipun Aggarwal School of Manangement Studies, Punjabi University, Patiala

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The career planning process is often illustrated as the last step in an ever-changing work environment. The technical, professional, managerial, and interpersonal skills to successfully perform and succeed in this rapidly changing work environment are essential. There is a very real and immediate threat that many of the professional skills that we have learned yesterday and today will be obsolete and insufficient to cope with the inevitable changes in the future. While most professionals are aware of the very real threat of skill obsolescence, few take the opportunity to do definitive career planning regarding their future. The career planning process is designed to help individuals examine their careers; evaluate their training and educational needs; and develop some specific action plans to maintain, enhance, and reevaluate the relevance of their professional and managerial skills in a work environment that values rapid change and adaptation.In this Paper, an attempt is made to clearly identify that how career development plan of a newly recruited MBA and the career development process to be followed and how it is a path towards the successful growth .
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To study the effect of vocational education on juvenile delinquency
Page 669-671
Rajender Kumar, Kanwaljeet Kaur, Vikash Bhargava and Raman Swamy J.C.D (P.G) College of Education, Sirsa, Haryana

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Delinquency is by no means as a recent phenomenon. Therefore juvenile delinquency is involved and even captivated the mind of sociologist, psychologist, psychiatrist, social worker, police, and judiciary. Each of these professionals have attempted to understand the problem from their own point of view and attempted to tackle the problem in diverse ways. The Researcher first wants to find out the branch of vocational education that juvenile delinquency concern and learn secondly optimizes the methods that can solve the problem of them the by use of vocational education. For this purpose the researcher selected sixty juveniles in Haryana and do the prepared questionnaire to introduce the ways in this matter.From analysis of data funded that, relation of parents with their children, activities of guide and counselor, social workers, giving of the money only under control and discipline, teaching of some branch of vocations, attention to some cultural program especially sport are vital to amendment the behavior of juvenile delinquency.
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Stress and mental health of nursing students
Page 672-673
Baburao H. Muddankar Department of Studies and Research in Psychology, Gulbarga University Gulbarga, Karnataka, Shivakumar. Akki Department of Studies and Research in Psychology, Vinayaka Mission University, Salem, Tamilnadu and Shivakumar K Department of Studies and Research in Psychology, Karnataka University Dharwad, Karnataka

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An attempt is made in the present investigation to the Occupational Stress & Mental health of Nursing Students in relation to women workers from different domicile of Gulbarga city, Karnataka. 60 Nursing workers constituted the sample of the study in which 30 Male and 30 Female. Distressful life events scale (DLES) and Mental Health Inventory developed by Jagadish & Srivastava (1988) were administered to the sample to assess their level of Stress and Mental Health of Nursing students. Keeping in view the research objectives and hypothesis of the study the statistical analysis, like-Mean, SD and t-test were applied on the collected data. The findings of the study concluded that there will be a significant relationship between Stress and Mental Health of Nursing Students in their gender. This paper depicts that the empirical evidence on the Stress and mental health of Nursing Students different areas of Gulbarga city, Samples were selected randomly from Gulbarga District, Karnataka.
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An attempt for a practical solution to overcome stressful environment/situations
Page 674-676
Subramanya D. Sanbhat Department of Fabrication Technology and Erection Engineering, Fr. Agnel Polytechnic, Vashi, Navi Mumbai

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Modern life is full of hassles, deadlines, frustrations and demands. For many people, stress is so commonplace that it has become a way of life. Stress isn't always bad. But when you are constantly running in emergency mode, your mind and body pay the price. If you frequently find yourself feeling frazzled and overwhelmed, it's time to take action to bring your nervous system back into balance. You can protect yourself by learning how to recognize the signs and symptoms of stress and taking steps to reduce its harmful effects. But if stress is a part of life then the solution should be inbuilt within us.One way would be to work backwards from the stressful environment and find the efficient means to bring the balance in life back to normal by putting into practice such means that would calm the mind and bring in the appropriate normal body posture.
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Development of political attitude and aptitude
Page 677-678
Santosh Motiram Mulawkar Govt. College of Education, Ambajogai, Beed, Maharashtra

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Now-a-days politics has become life style. However, there is a want of constructive leadership. In order to set a program to develop constructive leadership first of all it is necessary to study the psychological aspects of political behavior of human being. This paper is an honest attempt in this respect. Socialization during infancy is the preliminary stage in development of political behavior of individual. Self-centeredness at the age of third to fourth year and mixing of child at the age of sixth year lay foundation for political attitude. Formation of group, framing rules, selecting group leader during childhood indicate development of political domain. Aggressive groups during adolescence stage indicate development of aggressive political aptitude. Further in majority of cases political aptitude get suppressed and political leaders remain busy to inherit their chairs to their off springs. In order to develop constructive leadership continuous political orientation of people is essential.
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Global pshychology
Page 679-680
Kalpana Adinath Belokar Govt. College of Education, Ambajogai, Beed, Maharashtra

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These are the days of globalization. The continuous development in information, communication and technology is minimizing the distance between corners and sub-corners of globe. The corners and sub-corners of globe are coming nearer and ultimately together. The entire globe has become small village. The persons in this small village are developing intimacy, affection and friendship amongst them. This behavior of human being is contributing for developing globalization. According to me, it is more correct to call this behavior as global behavior. It is but natural to expect progressive change in global behavior. However, to bring about progressive change in global behavior first of all it is necessary to study global behavior. With this view, I am stating new branch in psychology i.e. global psychology. By global psychology, I mean, the branch of psychology, which deals with study of needs, motives, and characteristics of global behavior of human being. I am confident that, this branch of psychology will be definitely of global interest.
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Effects of emotional intelligence on marrital adjustment of couples
Page 681-684
Shiv Kumar Department of Applied Psychology, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana

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This paper examined the effects of Emotional Intelligence on marital adjustment of couples. A sample of 80 couples in Hisar was used in the study. Emotional Intelligence Marital Adjustment that measures emotion Intelligence Components (Emotion Management, Emotional Sensitivity Skills and Social relationship skills) was used as an instrument of data collection. Three hypotheses were tested using t-test at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that high/low Emotion management has significant effect on marital adjustment of couples. High/low emotional sensitivity skills were found to have significant effects on marital adjustment of couples. High/ low social relationship skills had significant effect on marital adjustment of couples. Based on the findings, it was recommended that in both premarital and marital counseling, couples should be introduced to the competencies of emotional intelligence.
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स्नातक स्तर के छात्र-छात्राओ के समायोजन क्षेत्रो का तुलनात्मक अध्ययन करना
Page 685-687
प्रीति पांडेय. गोकुल दास हिन्दू कन्या महाविघालय, मुरादाबाद

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वर्तमान शिक्षा पद्धति जो छात्र-छात्राओं को इस योग्य नहीं बना पाती कि वे स्वयं अपने भविश्य का निर्माण कर सके। रूचियों के आधार पर विशयों का चयन यदि न किया जाये तो शैक्षिक उपलब्धि पर उसका नकरनात्मक प्रभाव पड़ता तो पड़ता है साथ ही व्यक्ति का समायोजन भी प्रभावित होता है। इस प्रभाव को देखने के लिये पश्चिमी उत्तर-प्रदेश के 400 विज्ञान वर्ग (200 छात्र एवं 200 छात्राएँ) कला वर्ग (200 छात्र एवं 200 छात्राएँ) प्रस्तुत अध्ययन में सम्मिलित किये रूचि का मापन चटर्जी के शैक्षिक रूचि, अभाशिक परीक्षण से किया गया तथा शैक्षिक उपलब्धि के लिये परीक्षा के अंको को आधार बनाया गया। परिणाम में देखा गया कि कला संकाय के उच्च एवं निम्न उपलब्धि वाले छात्रों की रूचि में सार्थक अंतर पाया गया। छात्राओं के सम्बन्ध में भी ये अंतर सार्थक था। इसी प्रकार विज्ञान संकाय के छात्र एवं छात्राओं को दोनो के लिये उच्च तथा निम्न शैक्षिक उपलब्धि एवं रूचि में सार्थक अंतर पाया गया है। संक्षेप में ये कहा जा सकता है कि रूचि हमारी शैक्षिक उपलब्धि को उच्च बना सकती है। किसी वस्तु या प्रक्रिया को पसन्द करने उसके प्रति ध्यान केन्द्रित करने व उसमें संतुश्टि करने को ही रूचि कहते हैं। अतः नवीनतम टैक्नाॅलौजी का उपयोग करते हुए पाठ्यक्रम को रूचिकर बनाकर छात्र-छात्राओं में रूचि विकसित करके शैक्षिक उपलब्धि को उच्च बनाया जा सकता है।
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